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Neorealism (international relations)
Neorealism or structural realism is a theory of international relations first outlined by Kenneth Waltz in his 1979 book ''Theory of International Politics''.〔According to , Waltz's book remains "the seminal text of neorealism".〕 Alongside neoliberalism, neorealism is one of the most influential contemporary approaches to international relations; the two perspectives have dominated international relations theory for the last decade.〔.〕 Neorealism emerged from the North American discipline of political science, and reformulates the classical realist tradition of E.H. Carr, Hans Morgenthau, and Reinhold Niebuhr. Realists in general argue that power is the most important factor in international relations.
Neorealism is subdivided into defensive and offensive neorealism.
==Origins==
Neorealism is an ideological departure from Hans Morgenthau's writing on classical realism. Classical realism originally explained the machinations of international politics as being based on human nature, and therefore subject to the ego and emotion of world leaders.〔Morgenthau, Hans J. ''Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace'', 5th Edition, Revised. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978, pp. 4–15)〕 Neorealist thinkers instead propose that structural constraints—not strategy, egoism, or motivation—will determine behaviour in international relations. Kenneth Waltz made significant distinctions between his position on the three types of international relations in defensive neorealism and that of Morgenthau in his book ''Man, the State, and War'' from the late 1950s. John Mearsheimer made significant distinctions between his version of offensive neorealism and Morgenthau in this co-authored book on Israel with Stephen Walt at Harvard University titled ''The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy''.
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